Dharanikota is a town near Amaravati in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh in India, which means a town of rice or paddy.
Location
It located in the Krishna valley in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh in India.
Importance
It is the site of the ancient Dhanyakataka which was the capital of the Satavahana kingdom which ruled in the Deccan around the 1st to 3rd centuries A.D.. It was also the capital of the Kota Vamsa Dynasty which ruled in medieval period until mid 12th century. The Krishna valley is an important rice producing area. It was also an important centre of trade with other parts of India and foreign countries. The place is also famous for the great Buddhist stupa and Kalachakra ceremonies conducted there. Hsuan Tsang visited Amaravathi and wrote a glorious account of the place,Viharas and monasteries that existed then.
Course
Krishna river rises at Mahabaleswar near the Jor village in the extreme north of Wai Taluka, Satara District, Maharashtra in the west and meets the Bay of Bengal at Hamasaladeevi (near Avanigadda) in Andhra Pradesh, on the east coast. It flows through the state ofKarnataka before entering Andhra Pradesh. The delta of this river is one of the most fertile regions in India and was the home to ancientSatavahana and Ikshvaku Sun Dynasty kings. Vijayawada is the largest city on the River Krishna. Sangli is the largest city on the river Krishna in Maharashtra state.
Ecologically, this is one of the disastrous rivers in the world, in that it causes heavy soil erosion during the monsoon season. It flows fast and furious, often reaching depths of over 75 feet (23 m). Ironically, there is a saying in Marathi (language of Maharashtra) "Santh vaahate Krishnamaai" which means "quiet flows Krishna". This term is also used to describe how a person should be, as quiet as Krishna. But, in reality, Krishna causes a high degree of erosion between June and August. During this time, Krishna takes fertile soil from Maharashtra,Karnataka and western Andhra Pradesh towards the delta region.
Tributaries
Its most important tributary is the Tungabhadra River, which is formed by the Tunga River and Bhadra River that originate in the Western Ghats of Karnataka State. Other tributaries include the Kudali river, Venna River, Koyna River, Bhima River (and its tributaries such as theKudali River feeding into the Upper Bhima River Basin), Malaprabha River, Ghataprabha River, Yerla River, Warna River, Dindi River,Paleru River, Musi River, Urmodi River (उरमोडी नदी), Tarli River (तारळी नदी) and Dudhganga River.
The rivers Venna, Koyna, Vasna, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha and Tungabhadra join Krishna from the right bank; while the Yerla River, Musi River, Munneru and Bhima rivers join the Krishna from the left bank.
Venna River is (First River) Join Krishna River At Sangam Mahuli,Satara.Urmodi River (उरमोडी नदी) is (Second River) join Krishna at Kashil (काशीळ), Satara . Tarli River (तारळी नदी) is (Third River)join Krishna at Umbraj (उंब्रज) Satara. Then Koyna River is (Fourth River) Join AtKarad (कराड)Satara .This spot is known as Preeti Sangam, Meaning Lovely Meeting. There is Four River Join At Krishna River In Satara District...
Three tributaries meet Krishna river near Sangli. Warana River meets Krishna river near Sangli at Haripur. This spot is also known asSangameshwar. Panchganga River meets Krishna river at Narsobawadi near Sangli. These places are very holy. It is said that Lord Dattatreya spent some of his days at Audumber on the banks of river Krishna. Sangameswaram of Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh is a famous pilgrim center for Hindus where Tungabhadra and Bhavanasi rivers join krishna. Sangameswaram temple is now drowned in the Srisailam reservoir and visible for devotees only during summer when the reservoir's water level comes down
Bridges- Krishna Bridge, Wai - This is one of the oldest bridges built by the British in India. Built with black rock and with nine attractive "kamans(arches)", the bridge also serves as a flood mark (when the water rises to the level of the road on the bridge) for the "Waikar" people.
- Irwin Bridge, Sangli - This is one of the oldest, historic and largest bridges built on river Krishna during the British rule. This Bridge is built of Red colored stone and has two passages to climb down in the middle of the bridge and view the river water. The Ex Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Late Shri Vasantdada Patil who led the freedom struggle in Western Maharashtra himself jumped into river Krishna from Irwin Bridge when he was chased by the British army.
- Ankali Bridge, Chikkodi - This is also one of the oldest bridges built during the British rule. This bridge connects Maharashtra to Karnataka state.
- Krishna River Tributaries
- Munneru River in Andhra Pradesh
- Akeru River in Andhra Pradesh
- Paleru River in Andhra Pradesh
- Musi River in Andhra Pradesh
- Bhavanasi river in kurnool district
- Tungabhadra River
- Vedavathi River
- Suvarnamukhi River
- Veda River
- Avathi River
- Varada River
- Tunga River
- Bhadra River
- Vedavathi River
- Bhima River in Maharashtra and Karnataka
- Sina River
- Nira River
- Mula-Mutha River
- Mula River
- Mutha River
- Chandani River
- Kamini River
- Moshi River
- Bori River
- Man River
- Bhogwati River
- Indrayani River
- Kundali River
- Kumandala River
- Ghod River
- Bhama River
- Pavna River
- Malaprabha River
- Ghataprabha River
- Varna or Warna River
- Koyna River
- Venna River
- Munneru River in Andhra Pradesh
The first holy place on the river Krishna is "Dakshin Kashi Wai", known for the Mahaganpati Mandir and Kashivishweshwar temple. It has seven ghats along the river. Temples like Dattadeva temple, which is revered by the people of Maharashtra, is located on the banks of Krishna at Narasoba Waadi and Audumber near Sangli. Also, Sangameshwar Shiva Temple at Haripur andRamling Temple are located on the banks of river Krishna near Sangli.
Popular pilgrim spots like Audumber and Narsobawadi are located on the banks of river Krishna near Sangli in Maharashtra state. Kudalasangama is located near Bagalkot, in Karnataka which is an Aikya linga of Basaveshwara. Srisailam, one of the twelve jyotirlingas, has an ancient temple for Lord Shiva. Sangameswra Swamy temple (seen only during summer) is situated near Atmakur. The international Kalachakra festival was celebrated in the presence of Dalai Lama in Amaravati. Amaravati was the capital of the imperial Satavahanas who held sway over South Indiafor 400 years and also a great seat of Buddhist learning and wisdom. Vijayawada on the left bank of the river has a famous temple situated on Indrakeeladri mountain dedicated to Goddess Kanaka Durga.
There are many popular temples on Krishna River. Wai is an ancient city located on this holy river. There is "Krushnabai Utsav" celebrated for 1–2 months during January to February on this ghats. This utsav is celebrated because it is said that, Krushnabai gave Victory to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj against Afzal Khan about 350 years back. There is a big Ganpati mandirconstructed in 1764. The other places along the banks of this river are Satara City, Karad, Sangli etc.
Dams
There are many dams constructed across the Krishna river.
- Dhom Balakwadi
- Dhom Dam
- Tungabhadra Dam
- Basava Sagar Dam (Karnataka)
- Almatti Dam
- Srisailam Dam
- Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
- Prakasam Barrage
- Jurala Dam
- Narayanpur Dam downstream of Almatti Dam
- Amar Dam
- Pulichitnthala Dam is under construction.
Krishna Basin extends over an area of 258,948 square kilometres (99,980 sq mi) which is nearly 8% of the total geographical area of the country. This large basin lies in the states of Karnataka(113,271 km2), Andhra Pradesh (76,252 km2) and Maharashtra (69,425 km2).
The Krishna river rises in the Western Ghats, at an elevation of about 1337 m just north of Mahabaleshwar, about 64 km from the Arabian Sea. It flows for about 1400 km and outfalls into the Bay of Bengal. The principal tributaries joining Krishna are the Ghataprabha, the Malaprabha, the Bhima, the Tungabhadra and the Musi.
Most of this basin comprises rolling and undulating country, except for the western border, which is formed by an unbroken line of the Western Ghats. The important soil types found in the basin are black soils, red soils, laterite and lateritic soils, alluvium, mixed soils, red and black soils and saline and alkaline soils.
An average annual surface water potential of 78.1 km³ has been assessed in this basin. Out of this, 58.0 km³ is utilisable water. Culturable area in the basin is about 203,000 km2, which is 10.4% of the total culturable area of the country.
Mullayanagiri peak, in Karnataka, is the highest point (1,930m) of the Krishna basin.
Floods
In 2009 October heavy floods occurred, isolating 350 villages and leaving millions homeless, which is believed to be first occurrence in 1000 years. The flood resulted in heavy damage to Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Guntur, Krishna and Nalagonda Districts. The entire city of Kurnool was immersed in approximately 10 feet (3.0 m) water for nearly 3 days.
Water inflow of 1,110,000 cu ft/s (31,000 m3/s)st was recorded at the Prakasam Barriage, which surpassed the previous record of 1,080,000 cu ft/s (31,000 m3/s)recorded in the year 1903.
The ruling Congress government in Andhra Pradesh state attributed the floods to excessive rainfall in the catchment areas of the river upstream of Srisailam dam. However, in the opinion of most experts, and the general public, the floods occurred due to mismanagement on the part of the state government. Influenced by the drought-like situation that had prevailed till the rain event that led to this flood, and to ensure water for irrigation projects in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, the government of the day dithered, while water management experts exhorted it to empty Srisailam reservoir ahead of the expected deluge. This resulted in an unprecedented volume of water backing up behind Srisailam dam, resulting in floods both upstream of the river, and downstream as well, when all the gates of the dam were opened for several days to bring storage at Srisailam back to normal levels. And the villages named Buggamadharam, Vajinepalli, Vellaturu, and Chintriyala were also effected. Mainly Buggamadharam village is surrounded by fully water on 4 sides. The people of this village were shifted to nearby places of factories for help.